Terjemahan konsep sheol, hades, dan gehenna sebagai "neraka" dalam Alkitab bahasa Una: sebuah telaah eksegetis-teologis Alkitabiah

Abstract

The concepts of Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna are unfamiliar to the Una people. Through these three terms, the Bible shapes an understanding of the concept of "hell" that has evolved continuously from the Old Testament to the New Testament. However, in the traditional animistic beliefs of the Una people, the concept of hell and the final punishment for the wicked as stated in the Bible is unknown. Therefore, translating the concept of "hell" into the Una language must be done faithfully to the meaning of the Bible, while also taking into account the cultural background and beliefs of the Una people so that the Bible's message can be understood accurately and clearly by the Una people. Therefore, this thesis emphasizes that translating the Bible into the Una language serves as a bridge connecting the biblical worldview with the worldview of the Una people. Translating the concepts of Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna from an exegetical perspective is expected to foster a stronger theological understanding of the Una people in accordance with the Bible's teachings regarding the concept of hell and the end of human life. This study focuses on the question of whether the concept of "hell" in the Una Bible has been translated faithfully from a biblical exegetical-theological perspective. To answer this question, the author conducted an exegesis of the terms Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna, taking into account their context, usage, and relationship to other parts of the Bible through the exegesis of selected verses. Based on the results of this exegesis, the author examined the translation of these concepts in the Una Bible, while also reviewing the development and continuity of the concept of "hell" in the Bible and its theological implications. The results indicate that several translations in the Una Bible do not fully align with the exegetical analysis of the concept of "hell" in the Bible. In this process, the theory of idiomatic translation, which underlies the approach to translating the Una Bible, is used as a basis for proposing translation revisions. Furthermore, based on the analysis, the author concludes that there are three main categories in the translation of the concepts of Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna in the Una Bible: hell as a region, hell as a state, and hell as a figurative equivalent. Each category has several translation variations. This diversity demonstrates that the Una Bible is translated idiomatically, focusing on fidelity to the biblical context and its naturalness within the structure of the Una language. However, this diversity can also obscure the understanding of Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna as a unified concept of “hell,” demonstrating the development and continuity between the Old Testament and the New Testament and allowing for a shared understanding of hell and final punishment.